With the advent of reinforced concrete and steel structures, thinner columns that could support a building became unfashionable. Even more surprising was the discovery that they could be erected without relying on the façade, which freed the exterior walls from structural load and an admittedly dull style.
Today, these so-called “curtainwalls” not only provide a modern and beautiful architectural look, but also contribute to the sustainability and protection of the building envelope.
But what exactly is a curtain wall in construction and what is its role in the long-term preservation of the building? Below, we will delve into everything you need to know about these systems, describing the different types that exist, the materials used and their main benefits to implement them in 2025.
What Is a Curtainwall? A Cross Between Style and Functionality
A curtainwall consists of a lightweight, framed exterior structure that integrates infill panels and partitions without structural function. This type of glazing has become one of the most widely used in modern architecture. Just look at most of the large skyscrapers or buildings that were created less than 10 years ago.
Think of those tall city buildings with floor-to-ceiling glazed facades. Those transparent, framed surfaces are, precisely, a curtainwall.
Do they alone support the entire building? No, they do not. The curtainwall frame is attached to the main structure of the building, so it’s not load-bearing, but it has other uses.
Does it only serve an aesthetic function? Not necessarily. Typically, commercial curtainwalls protect the integrity of the envelope against factors such as moisture, temperature extremes and ultraviolet radiation.
Although thin, they resist inclement weather thanks to corrosion-resistant materials and the fact that any forces they exert – for example, wind pressure – are transferred to the building’s frame.
The construction of these systems requires various inputs, such as sealing elements, glazing, structural adhesives and waterproofing products, to ensure their proper performance and durability.
Many people confuse curtainwalls with somewhat similar structures such as storefronts or window walls. However, there are important differences in their implementation and their most common uses.
- Curtainwalls vs. window walls: Window walls incorporate the glass within the structural elements and each section only spans one floor.
- Curtainwalls vs. storefronts: The units of a curtainwall system are usually taller than those of a typical storefront, which generally measure between 3 and 4 meters and only cover the first floor or one room.
How Are Curtainwalls Constructed?
Curtainwalls are basically constructed of two materials, one for the frame and the other for the infill. Both must complement each other for proper operation.
How Are Curtainwall Frames Constructed?
For some years, aluminum has become the material par excellence for the construction of curtainwall frames, because it’s a material that naturally withstands corrosion for many years.
- Builders began to use it because it has a great strength-to-weight ratio, plus it’s readily available.
- But it’s also ideal for many (or most) architectural styles, since the aesthetic concepts we can implement with aluminum are practically unlimited.
Other materials that can be used for certain types of projects are steel and wood.
What Is Used For Curtainwall Filling?
Usually the panels used to fill curtainwalls are made of glass. Glass is highly customizable, with multiple colors and opacities, plus viewability, thermal insulation and, of course, weatherability in most climates.
In addition, glass is an excellent value for money material. For this reason, it is always chosen for 95% of the projects.
But for more demanding projects, aluminum can be used, which keeps the price low with high durability and, in other applications, stone can also be used.
What Are the Advantages of Curtainwalls Over Other Solutions?
Throughout the text we have seen some of the advantages of installing a curtainwall in our projects. But we want to list them below:
✅ Functional versatility: Curtainwalls allow the integration of operable windows, shading devices and ventilation systems, which optimizes the use of the building and brings comfort to its occupants.
✅ Increased market value: Incorporating a curtainwall improves the aesthetic appeal of the building, which in turn can increase its market value.
✅ Energy optimization: By reducing the need for artificial lighting and controlling solar heat, high-quality curtainwall systems contribute significantly to a building’s energy efficiency.
✅ Improved architectural appearance: The installation of curtainwalls provides a modern and elegant look to the façade, raising the level of design and distinction of the building.
✅ Protection from the environment: These systems act as an effective barrier against extreme weather conditions and the wear and tear generated by the passage of time.
✅ Customized adaptation: The size, shape and style of curtainwalls can be adjusted to meet the specific requirements of any building project.
FAQs
Find out a little more about the Curtainwall system
What Is a Curtainwall?
A curtainwall is a thin, lightweight system, usually made of aluminum and glass. Unlike other building materials, these walls do not have a structural function. Their design allows them to support only their own weight, while transferring wind and gravity loads to the main building structure. In addition, they are designed to be air and water resistant, ensuring that the interior of the building remains dry and protected.
What Are the Best Types of Curtainwall Systems Available Today?
There are three main curtainwall systems:
- Face-sealed: They rely on a tight seal between the wall units and their frame to prevent leaks.
- Water-managed: Incorporate drainage systems to divert moisture and prevent water from entering the building interior. However, this system does not create a complete air barrier.
- Pressure-balanced: This system provides maximum air and water resistance. Its design keeps the interior of the building completely sealed, while the exterior frame drains water efficiently, offering the most robust and reliable solution.
What Are the Key Features of Curtainwall Systems That We Can List?
Curtainwalls are designed to meet structural and climatic challenges, considering factors such as:
- Thermal expansion and contraction.
- Building movement and oscillation.
- Thermal efficiency.
In addition, they can be customized with different types of glazing, including interior, exterior or structural options. They can also incorporate a rod frame divided by mullions, creating smaller panes of glass that offer lateral resistance and allow for thermal movement.
For added aesthetics, curtainwalls offer a variety of front cover options that allow for unique and visually striking designs, without compromising project efficiency or budget.
What Are the Main Advantages of Curtainwalls?
- Cost savings: Due to their lightweight materials, curtainwalls are an economical choice for exterior cladding, especially on larger projects.
- Energy efficiency: Curtainwalls help reduce air and water infiltration, which optimizes building energy consumption. This can translate into lower heating, cooling and lighting costs.
- Design flexibility: These systems can be installed in different sizes, from small units to large areas spanning multiple floors, or from floors to ceilings, adapting to specific project needs.
- Modern aesthetics: Curtainwalls offer a contemporary and versatile design that significantly enhances the exterior appearance of any building
